Geography and Climate¹

Covering an area of 3.3 million sq km, India is the seventh-largest country in the world, occupying a major portion of the South Asian subcontinent. Extending from the Himalayas in the north, it stretches southwards to the Tropic of Cancer and tapers off into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west.

India's climate varies significantly from the permanently snow-capped Himalayas in the north to the tropical south. In spite of much of the north of India lying beyond the tropical zone, the entire country has a tropical climate marked by relatively high temperatures and dry winters. There are four seasons in India: winter (December-February), summer (March-June), south-west monsoons (June-September), and the post-monsoon season (October-November).

• 1.India at a Glance, National Portal of India, https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/profile, accessed 17 July 2023